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    Retina

    The retina is a delicate layer of tissue at the back of your eye, responsible for capturing light and sending visual signals to your brain. It plays a vital role in how we perceive the world. When affected by conditions like diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy, even slight damage can lead to serious vision loss. Early detection and expert care are crucial to preserving and restoring sight.

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    Diabetic retinopathy usually affects both eyes. Symptoms may appear in one eye only, but both eyes are usually affected, though not necessarily equally.

    Control of high blood pressure prevents changes in the eye’s blood vessels.

    High blood pressure can cause damage to blood vessels in the eyes. The higher the blood pressure and the longer it has been high, the more severe the damage is likely to be. Your doctor can see narrowing of blood vessels and excess fluid oozing from blood vessels, with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. The degree of retina damage (retinopathy) is graded on a scale of I to IV. At grade I, no symptoms may be present. Grade IV hypertensive retinopathy includes swelling of the visual centre of the retina (macula). Such swelling can cause decreased vision.

    Bottle rockets, BB guns, racquetball, tennis, golf, soccer, boxing, and diving injuries can lead to retinal detachment.

    Only if the detachment is due to a successfully treated medical condition, such as toxemia of pregnancy or rare forms of eye inflammation.

    When blood sugar levels are consistently high, the chances of diabetic retinopathy developing are high. That is why it is important to control your blood sugar levels to slow down diabetic retinopathy and prevent vision loss

    Macular holes are typically not hereditary but are more common in older adults or those with certain eye conditions like myopia.

    Macular holes are more commonly found in people over the age of 60, and the risk increases with age. Other risk factors include being female, having a family history of macular holes, and having certain conditions such as nearsightedness, diabetic retinopathy, or a history of eye trauma or inflammation.

    Macular edema happens when blood vessels leak into a part of the retina called the macula. This makes the macula swell, causing blurry vision.

    Many different conditions can cause macular edema. The most common one is diabetic retinopathy — an eye condition that causes vision loss in people with diabetes. When diabetic retinopathy causes macular edema, it’s called diabetic macular edema (DME).

    If you have diabetic retinopathy, managing your diabetes can help prevent or delay vision loss. It’s also important to get a dilated eye exam at least once a year.

    ROP affects over 3.5% of all premature births, as over 14,000 cases are diagnosed annually in the USA.

    Approximately 3.9 million infants are born in the U.S. each year, with about 28,000 weighing in at 2¾ pounds or less at birth, but thanks to advances in neonatal care, not all premature infants develop ROP.

    About 90% of all infants with ROP have a mild case, requiring no treatment at all, as it generally resolves on its own.

    Premature infants are already more likely to have vision problems. Things like nearsightedness, crossed eyes, and glaucoma show up more often and earlier in children born prematurely. Regular eye exams can help catch these issues quickly.

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